📚 Research & Publications Centre
The academic and
practitioner home
of UNIONE™
scholarship.
Research & Publications Centre
Where academia and practice meet through UNIONE™ scholarship.
White papers, jurisdiction guides, comparative studies, and annual institutional reports - all freely available to counsel, academics, and parties navigating international dispute resolution.
14
White papers published - 2025
32
Jurisdiction enforcement guides
4,200+
Downloads this year
White Paper Library
All research publications.
UNIONE™ publishes original research on international arbitration, enforcement, institutional design, AI evidence, and emerging dispute categories. All publications are freely available.
White Paper · WP/2025/04
The Enforcement Gap in International Commercial Arbitration: A Structural Analysis
Why legacy institutions have failed to address enforcement at the procedural design level, and how the ERR provides a structural solution. Analysis of ICC, SIAC, and LCIA case data across 12 jurisdictions.
White Paper · WP/2025/03
AI-Generated Evidence in International Arbitration: Towards a Codified Framework
A comparative analysis of how current arbitration rules handle AI-generated evidence - and the case for codification. Includes full commentary on UNIONE™ Rules v3.0 Article 28.
White Paper · WP/2025/02
Dispute Prevention in International Commercial Contracts: A Practitioner Framework
The economic case for structured dispute prevention, and a practitioner framework for integrating prevention mechanisms into long-term commercial agreements. Three design templates included.
White Paper · WP/2025/01
Seat Selection and the ERR: A Strategic Framework for Enforcement-Oriented Clause Drafting
How the Enforcement Readiness Review changes the traditional seat selection calculus - and a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction analysis of enforcement risk under the UNIONE™ framework.
Rules Commentary · RC/2025/01
UNIONE™ Rules v3.0 - Article by Article Commentary
Official UNIONE™ commentary on all 61 articles of the Rules v3.0. Includes drafting history, interpretation guidance, and worked examples for key provisions including the ERR, AI evidence, and Prevention Stage.
Comparative Study · CS/2025/01
ICC vs SIAC vs LCIA vs UNIONE™ - A 20-Dimension Institutional Comparison
The full scorecard. How UNIONE™ compares to the three major legacy institutions across 20 procedural, structural, and enforcement dimensions. Independent analysis, published in full.
Jurisdiction Guides
Enforcing UNIONE™ awards
around the world.
Jurisdiction-specific enforcement guides for counsel advising parties on where and how to enforce a UNIONE™ award. Updated annually. All free to access.
🇬🇧
England & Wales
Section 66 enforcement. Court of Appeal arbitration jurisprudence. Challenge grounds under the Arbitration Act 1996.
Available🇸🇬
Singapore
SIAC and Singapore High Court enforcement track record. International Arbitration Act. IAA Section 19 enforcement.
Available🇫🇷
France
Paris Court of Appeal enforcement record. Exequatur proceedings. French pro-enforcement doctrine.
Available🇦🇪
UAE / DIFC
Onshore UAE and DIFC enforcement. DIFC Courts as conduit jurisdiction. Federal Arbitration Law 2018.
Available🇮🇳
India
Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. Public policy exception. Supreme Court enforcement jurisprudence 2018–2025.
Available🇭🇰
Hong Kong
Arbitration Ordinance. Hong Kong Court enforcement record. Mainland China enforcement via Supplemental Arrangement.
Available🇺🇸
United States
Chapter 2 enforcement of New York Convention awards. Federal courts. Limited grounds for refusal under US doctrine.
Available🇩🇪
Germany
ZPO §§ 1025–1066. Oberlandesgericht enforcement. German pro-arbitration doctrine and limited public policy challenge.
Available